Clear legal status a must



      TAIPEI TIMES, July 23, 2007
      http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2007/07/23/2003370917

Clear legal status a must

Is Taiwan's sovereignty disappearing? Considering all the problems the embattled DPP administration is currently facing, a precise definition of Taiwan's legal status is more urgent than ever.

Without a clear status, Taiwan cannot attain its deserved place in the international community.

In her article ("The treaty trumps the communique," July 16, page 8), Alison Hsieh writes about the legal implications of the San Francisco Peace Treaty (SFPT) of April 28, 1952.

The Cairo Declaration does not provide a legal basis for transfer of Taiwanese sovereignty to the Republic of China (ROC) of Oct. 25, 1945.

It is just one of the proposals discussed at the end of World War II, but it was not the conclusion.

In fact, the date of the surrender of Japanese troops only marked the start of a new occupation in Taiwan when the ROC regime and its military laid claim to Taiwan without asking the people who lived here.

When the ROC regime fled to Taiwan in the middle of Dec. 1949 it became a government in exile.

According to international law, there are no actions that a government in exile can undertake to gain recognition as the legal government of its new location.

The Free French Government set up in London during World War II after Germany occupied France could not claim England as its territory, either.

By the same token, the ROC government in exile in Taiwan had no legal claim to Taiwan.

Hsieh should be applauded for pointing this out in her article.

But she also wrote that Japan renounced all its control over Taiwan and the Pescadores in the SFPT, but that no country had been designated as being the new "owner" of Taiwan.

But this is misleading. Just because no outside recipient was designated does not mean that no outside power has sovereignty over Taiwan and the Pescadores according to the SFPT.

Technically, Taiwan has belonged to the US Military Government (USMG) ever since the SFPT.

It can be argued that Taiwan is still under the jurisdiction of the principal occupying power of the SFPT -- the US.

Since Hsieh is a researcher at the Formosan Association for Public Affairs, I suggest that she very carefully consider several important questions concerning the nation's sovereignty.

Who is "the occupying power" of Taiwan that is mentioned in laws of war in various documents?

According to Article 4b of the SFPT, the USMG has disposition rights over the "property" of Japan and Japanese nationals in Taiwan.

The term "property" very clearly Includes the concept of "title."

What are the legal criteria for ending USMG jurisdiction?

Has USMG jurisdiction over Taiwan and the Pescadores ended?

If USMG jurisdiction over Taiwan is still valid, what "nationality" are Taiwanese under US law?

John Hsieh
Hayward, California











必要的明確法理地位

台灣的主權正在消失中嗎?面對民進黨政府目前所遭遇種種問題的挑戰,釐清台灣準確法律地位已經是刻不容緩。

如果沒有一個明確的定位,台灣是無法獲得到其在國際上應得的地位與身份。

台北時報7月16日第八版Alison Hsieh所著「條約超越宣言」一文中,提到1952年4月28日舊金山和平條約之內容與法律上的意義。

開羅宣言並不能作為1945年10月25日,把台灣領土主權過戶給中華民國的法律依據。

該宣言只不過是在二次大戰末期,諸多被提及討論善後的方案之一,但並不是結論。

實際上,日本軍隊投降的當天,只不過是標誌一個新佔領台灣的開始,當時中華民國政權與軍隊,並沒有事先徵詢居住在當地台灣人民的意願。

當中華民國政權於1949年12月中旬,逃難到台灣之時,其本身就已成為一個流亡政府。

依據國際法,沒有任何舉措可以使一個流亡府政府,在流亡處就地成為合法政府。

第二次世界大戰法國被德國佔領,自由法國政府流亡到英國倫敦,是不能宣稱英國為其領土。

同樣的道理,中華民國流亡政府是沒有任何法律立場宣稱擁有台灣。

謝小姐提出這點,是應該值得大家喝采。

但是她同時也提到,在舊金山和平條約中,日本只宣佈放棄台灣、澎湖的統治權、所有權等,卻沒有指明誰是台灣的新主人。

然而這樣的說法,是有一點誤導之嫌。該條約雖沒有指定台澎地區的收受國,依據該條約內容這並不表示,台澎的主權就無人監管。

嚴格地說,自舊金山和平條約生效以來,台澎一直都歸屬於美國軍事政府。

我們甚至可以推論說,台灣今天仍在舊金山和平條約所指定主要佔領權國(即美國)的管轄之下。

謝小姐既然是台灣公共事務會的研究委員,我想提議她應該認真考慮以下,涉及台灣主權地位的重要問題:

在諸多的文件中,依據戰爭法,誰是台灣的「佔領權國」?

依據舊金山和平提約第四條b項,美國軍事政府對日本與日本國民在台灣的財產有處分與支配權。

所謂「財產」,在英文是包含「所有權」。

什麼是認定美國軍事政府結束對台灣管轄的標準?

美國軍事政府對台澎地區的管轄已經結束了嗎?

如果美國軍事政府對台澎地區的管轄權依然有效,那台灣人民在美國法律體系下,究竟應該屬於什麼國籍?

謝鎮寬
加州,海沃市